Proton toxicity interferes with the screening of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for aluminium resistance in nutrient solution

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proved to be very sensitive of low pH (4.3), with large genotypic differences in proton sensitivity. Therefore, proton toxicity did not allow the screening of common bean genotypes for aluminium (Al) resistance using the established protocol for maize (0.5 mM CaCl₂, 8 μM H₃BO₃, pH 4.3). Increasing the pH to 4.5, the Ca²⁺ concentration to 5 mM, and addition of 0.5 mM KCl fully prevented proton toxicity in 28 tested genotypes and allowed to identify differences in Al resistance using the inhibition of root elongation by 20 μM Al supply for 36 h as parameter of Al injury. As in maize, Al treatment induced callose formation in root apices of common bean. Aluminium‐induced callose formation well reflected the effect of Ca supply on Al sensitivity as revealed by root‐growth inhibition. Aluminum‐induced callose formation in root apices of 28 bean genotypes differing in Al resistance after 36 h Al treatment was positively correlated to Al‐induced inhibition of root elongation and Al contents in the root apices. However, the relationship was less close than previously reported for maize. Also, after 12 h Al treatment, callose formation and Al contents in root apices did not reflect differences in Al resistance between two contrasting genotypes, indicating a different mode of the expression of Al toxicity and regulation of Al resistance in common bean than in maize.     

谷氨酸铜对罗非鱼和草鱼生长性能血清生化指标和体组成的影响

为研究谷氨酸铜制剂对罗非鱼、草鱼的生长性能、血清生化指标和鱼体组成的影响，选用180尾罗非鱼、135尾草鱼，分别随机分为3个处理组，每组3个重复，每个重复20或15尾。在基础饲料中添加五水硫酸铜作为对照组（10 mg/kg），试验组添加谷氨酸铜（高、低剂量组分别为10、5 mg/kg，按铜离子计），饲养8周。结果表明：与对照组相比，谷氨酸铜高、低剂量组罗非鱼的增重率分别提高3.9%和5.8%，草鱼的增重率分别提高4.0%和5.9%；罗非鱼特定生长率分别提高1.9%和3.3%，草鱼分别提高2.5%和3.5%；罗非鱼和草鱼的平均饵料系数分别降低7.6%和3.7%。两种鱼的血清生化指标及体组成各试验组间均无显著差别（P＞0.05）。由此可见，日粮中添加适量谷氨酸铜可提高鱼体的生长性能，且效果优于五水硫酸铜。     

香辛料液对草鱼块保鲜效果的影响

根据淡水鱼存在的贮藏问题,就香辛料液对草鱼鱼块保鲜效果进行了初步研究。采用水浴浸提的姜蒜大料-黄酒复合液(甲液)和超声浸提的姜蒜大料—黄酒复合液(乙液)对新鲜草鱼鱼块进行处理,通过测定货架期草鱼鱼肉的游离水含量、pH值、挥发性盐基总氮(TVBN)以及感官评分,研究了香辛料液对草鱼块的保鲜效果。结果表明:复合液能够有效地保持鱼肉货价期感官品质,并能有效延缓pH值和TVBN值的升高,且超声浸提的乙液效果较为明显。     

鳙小卫星DNA的克隆

鳙基因组ＤＮＡ 经内切酶Ｓａｕ３ＡⅠ完全酶切后，与Ｂａｍ ＨⅠ－ ｐＵＣ１８ 质粒连接，转化ＤＨ５α后，获得９３３ 个重组体。用人源小卫星探针３３ ．１５ 对重组体进行原位杂交筛选，获得１４ 个阳性克隆，取其中的１ 个阳性克隆（ 即小卫星ｐＢＣ１７４） 作探针，与５ 尾鳙和４ 尾鲢基因组ＤＮＡ 杂交，能产生具有高度变异性的、个体特异性的ＤＮＡ 指纹图，表明克隆的鳙小卫星ｐＢＣ１７４ 可用于鱼类ＤＮＡ 指纹分析。     

Effect of Fermented Chinese Medicine Preparation by Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance,Biochemical Indices,Antioxidant Parameters and Ability of Anti-infection of Common Carp

The objective of this study was to evaluate of the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and ability of anti-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila by adding the fermented Chinese medicine by Bacillus Subtilis to the carp fish feed, and to find out the appropriate supplemental level of fermented Chinese medicine in diets. Carp fingerling with an initial body weight of (35±0.5) g were set up to 6 experimental diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.1‰, 0.5‰, 1‰, 2‰ and 3‰ fermented Chinese medicine for 56 days, respectively. Each group had 30 fish and set up 3 repetitions. After the feeding trail,the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to calculate the relative percentage survival (RPS).The results showed as follows:Supplementing fermented traditional Chinese medicine by Bacillus subtilis, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), the activities of lysozyme (LSZ), complement 3 (C3),total protein (TP),total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC),total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum of common carp were enhanced at different degrees, while the feed coefficient (FCR)and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were declined at different degrees.When the fermented Chinese medicine supplemental levels were 2‰ and 3‰,the effects were significant (P<0.05)(except for C3, ALP and Cr).The experimental results of the virulence of common carp infected with pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila showed that,the fermented herbal could obviously improve the ability of anti-infection, the immune protective rate of the group with 2‰, 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine could reach 77.23% and 74.63%, respectively. From what had been discussed above, the group with 2‰ and 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine had significant effect on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila anti-infection ability. Considering the cost of adding fermented Chinese medicine, the recommendations for the best additive quantity was 2‰.     

Essential oil of Aloysia citriodora Paláu and citral: sedative and anesthetic efficacy and safety in Rhamdia quelen and Ctenopharyngodon idella

ObjectiveTo verify the efficacy of citral in inducing sedation and anesthesia in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and to assess the safety of essential oil (EO) of Aloysia citriodora and citral in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish.Study designClinical study, randomized, parallel, multi-arm with control group in target species.AnimalsA total of 96 juvenile and 72 adult silver catfish and 80 juvenile grass carp were used.MethodsSilver catfish and grass carp were exposed to different concentrations of citral, 15–675 and 15–600 μL L^–1, respectively, during the maximum period of 30 minutes to verify sedation and anesthesia induction and recovery times. In addition, for anesthetic induction, silver catfish were exposed to the EO of A. citriodora and citral at 225 μL L^–1 for 3.5 minutes. Then, fish were transferred to an anesthesia maintenance solution at 50 μL L^–1 for 10 minutes to assess hematologic and biochemical variables at 60 minutes, 2 and 6 days after treatment.ResultsCitral only induced sedation from 15, 25 and 40 μLL^–1 in both species. Anesthesia without mortality was induced in silver catfish at 50–600 μL L^–1 and grass carp at 75–450 μL L^–1. At 675 and 600 μL L^–1, mortality was recorded in silver catfish and grass carp, respectively. The EO of A. citriodora and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish, with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration being the only variable that varied in relation to time and treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevanceCitral was effective in inducing sedation and anesthesia in both species. In addition, A. citriodora EO and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish. Both agents are promising substances for the development of new drugs for fish.     

维生素K3对松浦镜鲤体成分、肉质和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加不同水平的维生素K3 对松浦镜鲤体成分、肉质和抗氧化能力的影响.在以豆粕和鱼粉为蛋白质源的基础饲料(维生素K1 含量为0.54 mg/kg)中分别添加0、5、10、20、40、80和2 000 mg/kg的维生素K3(甲萘醌烟酰胺亚硫酸盐),配制成7种试验饲料.选取初始体重为(2.58±0.16...     

异育银鲫幼鱼饲料中血球蛋白粉与鱼粉的适宜比例

本研究分别以豆油和磷酸二氢钙平衡饲料总油脂和总磷水平,以血球蛋白粉和鱼粉交叉组合平衡总氮水平,在等氮等油脂等磷条件下研究血球蛋白粉替代鱼粉对异育银鲫幼鱼生长性能的影响,探讨以饲料原料优化组合来实现血球蛋白粉对鱼粉替代的可行性.将初始平均体重为(18.40±1.07)g的异育银鲫幼鱼270尾随机分为6组,每组设3个重复,...